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This is a list of the universities in Germany. The list also includes German Technische Universitäten (TUs) (Technical Universities), which have official and full university status, but usually focus on engineering and the natural sciences rather than covering the whole spectrum of academic disciplines. The list does not, however, cover the German Fachhochschulen (Universities of Applied Sciences) or institutions that cover only certain disciplines such as business studies, fine arts, or engineering. Those do not have all of the responsibilities and limitations of universities, and most cannot award doctorate degrees on their own. Most universities follow the Humboldtian model of higher education. In general, public German universities do not charge tuition fees. At many universities this usually also applies to foreign students, though regulations for non-EU foreign citizens differ regionally. Universities may charge small semester fees for administrative costs. Some universities include the Deutschlandticket at a discounted price in the semester fees.