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Bournemouth ( BORN-məth) is a coastal resort town and civil parish in the Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole unitary authority area, in the ceremonial county of Dorset, on the south coast of England. At the 2021 census, the built-up area had a population of 196,455, making it the largest town in Dorset. Previously an uninhabited heathland, visited only by fishermen and occasional smugglers, a health resort was founded in the area by Lewis Tregonwell in 1810. After the Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway opened in 1870, Bournemouth grew into an important resort town, which today attracts over five million visitors annually for its coastline and nightlife. The town is a population centre within the South East Dorset conurbation and is known for its seven-mile stretch of golden sand, with well-known spots including Alum Chine Beach, Durley Chine Beach, and Bournemouth Central Beach. The shoreline continues westward and gradually merges into the affluent Sandbanks area and Poole. Alongside tourism, financial services now play a significant role in the local economy. The town centre is notable for its Victorian architecture. St Peter's Church features a 202-foot (62 m) spire and is one of three Grade I listed churches in the borough. The town has an events venue and a concert hall, the Bournemouth International Centre (BIC) and Pavilion Theatre respectively. Bournemouth is also home to the Premier League football club, AFC Bournemouth, and to Bournemouth University,